Sepsis
From Holoprosencephaly
Sepsis
This is a widespread distribution of bacterial infection through the bloodstream. The diminished immune response of infants, young children and neurologically impaired children places this age-group at particular risk.
Cause
Newborns may acquire infection causing sepsis from the mother prior to birth or during the birth process. In postnatal infections, bacterial invasion may occur through the skin, mucous membranes or internal systems.
Symptoms
Poor appetite, poor feeding, vomiting and/or diarrhea Cyanosis Fever, usually intermittent Hypothermia in some individuals Hyperventilation, usually the earliest sign and other irregular respiratory changes like apnea or dyspnea Chills and cold clammy skin Warm skin and Skin rash Shaking Tachycardia and circulatory changed Confusion or delirium Decreased urine output Irritability Seizures
Eventual progression to shock and unconsciousness if left untreated
Signs and tests
White blood cell count that is low or high Platelet count that is low Blood culture that is positive for bacteria Blood gases that reveal acidosis Abnormal Kidney function tests
Treatment
Culture and sensitivity tests help physicians to identify the most effective antibiotic for treatment. Prior to this finding, "Broad spectrum" intravenous antibiotic therapy should be initiated as soon as sepsis is diagnosed.
Treatment consists of circulatory support, respiratory support, aggressive administration of antibiotics and immunotherapy
Supportive therapy may include oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, correction of electrolyte or acidosis and medications.
Vital signs will be monitored regularly. Blood transfusion may be needed to correct anemia or shock.
Expectations (prognosis)
Prognosis varies but with early recognition, vigorous antibiotic therapy and supportive therapy, mortality and residual complications are significantly reduced.
If you have any concerns, please don't hesitate to discuss your concerns with your child's doctor(s).
For information about dealing with other potential health problems, treatments and medications, please visit our Miscellaneous Health Information category.
Click here to read what specialists have to say about caring for children with Holoprosencephaly: Doctor Q&A
